El Domenikos Theotocopoulos never forgot that he was of Greek descent and usually signed his paintings in Hellene letters with his full name, Domenikos Theotokepoulos. He is, yet, generally known as El Greco (“the Greek”), a name he acquired when he lived in Italy, where the custom of identifying a man by designating country or city of origin was a unwashed practice. The curious form of the article (El), however, may be the Venetian dialect or more likely from the Spanish.
Because Crete, his homeland, was then a Venetian possession and he was a Venetian citizen, he distinct to go to Venice to study. The exact class in which this took place is not known; just speculation has placed the date anyplace from 1560, when he was 19, to 1566. In Venice he entered the studio of Titian, who was the greatest painter of the day. Knowledge of El Greco's years in Italy is circumscribed. A letter of Nov. 16, 1570, written by Giulio Clovio, an illuminator in the service of Cardinal Alessandro Farnese, requested housing in the Palazzo Farnese for “a young man from Candia, a pupil of Titian.” On July 8, 1572, “the Greek painter” is mentioned in a letter sent from Rome by a Farnese official to the same cardinal. Shortly thereafter, on Kinsfolk. 18, 1572, “Dominico Greco” paid his dues to the guild of St. Luke in Rome. How long the young artist remained in Rome is unknown, because he may have returned to Venice, c. 1575–76, before he left for Spain.
The certain works painted by El El Greco in Italy ar completely in the Venetian Renaissance expressive style of the sixteenth century. They show no effect of his Byzantine inheritance except possibly in the faces of old men—for model, in the “Christ Healing the Blind.” The placing of figures in deep space and the emphasis on an architectural mount in High Renaissance style are peculiarly significant in his early pictures, such as “Christ Cleansing the Temple.” The first evidence of El Greco's extraordinary gifts as a portraitist appears in Italy in a portrait of Giulio Clovio and Vincentio Anastagi.
